![]() ![]() Thyroid malignancy was detected in 5% of patients with palpable thyroid nodules, in 8%–12% of non-palpable nodules evaluated using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and in 36% of the evaluated autopsy specimens. Although the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules is low (3%–4%), incidental thyroid nodules are detected at a rate of 17%–67% with ultrasonography (US), 16%–17% with neck computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, 1%–2% with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans, and 60% in autopsy specimens. The management of thyroid nodules is controversial because of the high detection rate of thyroid nodules and the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. The goal of these recommendations is to provide the optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. ![]() The biopsy criteria were revised to reduce unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity for the detection of malignant tumors in small (1–2 cm) thyroid nodules. The task force of the KSThR has revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and recommendations for US lexicon, biopsy criteria, US criteria of extrathyroidal extension, optimal thyroid computed tomography protocol, and US follow-up of thyroid nodules before and after biopsy. However, recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have necessitated the revision of the original recommendations. These guidelines have been used as the standard guidelines in Korea. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published consensus recommendations for US-based management of thyroid nodules in 2011 and revised them in 2016. ![]() The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). ![]()
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